The role of anthropogenic and biogenic emissions on tropospheric ozone formation over greece     

《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part C: Solar, Terrestrial & Planetary Science》1999,24(5):507-513

In the frame of this work, the sensitivity of a grid-based photochemical model on the emission inventory is examined. More precisely, the role of various emission categories on simulated oxidant formation is investigated and especially the biogenic ones. Special emphasis is given on the investigation of the role of the biogenic emissions on tropospheric ozone formation over areas with significant anthropogenic sources. The area of interest is the SE part of the Greek Peninsula where there are various types of anthropogenic pollutant sources and important biogenic sources from forest areas. Ozone air quality simulations were performed using the combined system of the atmospheric model RAMS and the photochemical model UAM. The simulations revealed that there is a significant increase of the calculated ozone concentrations over areas with significant precursor sources when biogenic emissions are taken into account. This increase is more pronounced during the days with a significant regional scale transport.  相似文献   

渤海表层悬沙分布季节变化特征与控制因子的数值研究     

张德强  庞重光  王延平  陈祥舰 《海洋与湖沼》2023,54(4):1015-1027

针对整个渤海海域悬浮泥沙季节变化及其影响机制的数值研究相对缺乏且机制尚不清晰,基于ROMS三维海洋模型对渤海海域水动力环境与悬沙分布开展数值模拟。模拟结果显示,渤海海峡环流终年“北进南出”,夏季环流明显强于冬季,并呈现外围逆时针环、内部顺时针环的“双环”结构。渤海中部海域在夏季存在明显的温跃层现象,其强度分布与等深线较为一致,温跃层在4月开始形成,7月最强。渤海表层悬沙分布具有显著的季节变化,冬季悬沙浓度最大,秋季次之,春季再次之,夏季最小。控制悬沙浓度的波流底切应力在秋冬季节较大,春夏相对较小,且流致切应力始终在波流切应力中占主导地位。秦皇岛海域悬沙浓度常年偏低的主要原因是位于M2无潮点附近,属于弱潮流区,底层流速相对较小,底部沉积物发生再悬浮概率较小。夏季温跃层的存在在一定程度上减小了底边界层流速,增大了流速的垂向梯度,对底部悬浮泥沙的向上扩散有明显的抑制作用。因此,温跃层的存在是造成夏季表层悬沙浓度最低的重要原因。  相似文献   

城市景观湖泊不同时间尺度CH₄通量特征及影响因素分析——以南京市莫愁湖为例     

次珍  谢舒恬  张一泉  柯凡  尹一帆  谢璇  林晗琪  陈新芳  冯慕华 《湖泊科学》2024,36(3):782-793

城市景观湖泊对温室气体的收支发挥着重要作用。本文以南京市莫愁湖为研究对象,采用静态箱-温室气体分析仪法实时监测湖泊水-气界面CH₄通量,分析湖泊主要温室气体CH₄在日尺度和季节尺度上因冒泡和扩散排放方式不同对其通量的影响,探究影响湖泊CH₄通量的因素。结果表明:(1)在日尺度上,四季24 h内CH₄均呈排放状态,受白天冒泡影响,四季CH₄总通量均存在白天高于夜间的日变化特征。(2)在季节尺度上,莫愁湖CH₄排放通量呈现显著的时空异质性,受冒泡通量的影响夏季CH₄通量明显高于春、秋、冬三季;B区的CH₄总通量(6.04 nmol/(m²·s))显著高于A区(3.82 nmol/(m²·s)),水体的营养化程度和离岸距离是空间变化的主要影响因素。A、B两区CH₄排放夏季以冒泡排放为主,春、秋、冬以扩散排放为主。(3)在日尺度上,CH₄通量受气温、水温、辐射和风速等气象要素影响,与水质参数间的关系不显著;在季节尺度上,CH₄通量与温度(气温、水温)、水体营养盐水平、叶绿素a浓度及富营养化程度的时间变化相一致,也随着水体透明度、pH和氧化还原电位的减小而呈增加的趋势。本研究为准确估算城市湖泊CH₄排放量提供重要的数据基础。  相似文献   

随机森林回归法在冬季路面温度预报中的应用     

王可心  包云轩  朱承瑛  陈粲  袁成松 《气象》2021,(1):82-93

基于宁宿徐高速公路三个交通气象站2015—2018年冬季逐10 min实时观测资料,使用随机森林回归模型预报这三个站的未来1 h冬季路面温度,分析了该模型在冬季路面温度预报中的可行性和适用性。研究结果表明:随机森林回归法可以被用来预报高速公路冬季路面温度,不同类型的交通气象站点的特征输入方案和参数调试标准存在差异;与简单特征相比,引入的复合特征能更好地补充解释交通气象站所处的环境和气象要素,且其对普通路面交通气象站和靠近桥梁、水体的交通气象站的区分度更高,故引入复合特征的随机森林回归模型可以被用来预报高速公路冬季路面温度,且其在对普通路面交通气象站和靠近水体、桥梁的交通气象站的预报效果较好,而对服务区交通气象站的预报效果略差;袋外误差率的降低并不代表预报精度的提高;引入复合特征的随机森林回归模型不论在何种天气状况下,均可用于各不同类型交通气象站冬季路面温度的预报,雨雪天时的预报效果最佳,阴天其次,晴天略差。  相似文献   

Comparison of ensemble-based state and parameter estimation methods for soil moisture data assimilation     

《Advances in water resources》2015

Model parameters are a source of uncertainty that can easily cause systematic deviation and significantly affect the accuracy of soil moisture generation in assimilation systems. This study addresses the issue of retrieving model parameters related to soil moisture via the simultaneous estimation of states and parameters based on the Common Land Model (CoLM). The state-parameter estimation algorithms AEnKF (Augmented Ensemble Kalman Filter), DEnKF (Dual Ensemble Kalman Filter) and SODA (Simultaneous optimization and data assimilation) are entirely implemented within an EnKF framework to investigate how the three algorithms can correct model parameters and improve the accuracy of soil moisture estimation. The analysis is illustrated by assimilating the surface soil moisture levels from varying observation intervals using data from Mongolian plateau sites. Furthermore, a radiation transfer model is introduced as an observation operator to analyze the influence of brightness temperature assimilation on states and parameters that are estimated at different microwave signal frequencies. Three cases were analyzed for both soil moisture and brightness temperature assimilation, focusing on the progressive incorporation of parameter uncertainty, forcing data uncertainty and model uncertainty. It has been demonstrated that EnKF is outperformed by all other methods, as it consistently maintains a bias. State-parameter estimation algorithms can provide a more accurate estimation of soil moisture than EnKF. AEnKF is the most robust method, with the lowest RMSE values for retrieving states and parameters dealing only with parameter uncertainty, but it possesses disadvantages related to increasing sources of uncertainty and decreasing numbers of observations. SODA performs well under the complex situations in which DEnKF shows slight disadvantages in terms of statistical indicators; however, the former consumes far more memory and time than the latter.  相似文献   

Comment on “Regime shifts and red noise in the North Pacific”     

《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2006,53(4):589-590

  相似文献   

基于遥感数据的江苏省水稻收获期时空分析研究          下载免费PDF全文

朱晓晨  李强宇  曾燕  董恒鑫  祝嗣嫄 《气象科学》2023,43(4):534-542

本研究基于2001—2020年中分辨率成像光谱仪遥感产品,使用谐波分析重建完整作物生长过程植被指数变化曲线,对江苏省范围内水稻种植区域的收获期进行提取。同时利用Sen趋势分析与相关分析方法,研究水稻收获期时空动态变化趋势与影响因子。结果表明:利用谐波分析方法能够较好地重建作物生长期生理参数变化曲线,滤波值与原始值线性相关系数达到0.8;水稻收获期分布在9月中旬到12月上旬之间,2010年之后,10月中下旬之后占比增加,达到50%以上;部分地区水稻收获期呈现延迟趋势,南京北部、扬州、盐城北部地区为3 d·a^-1及以上,泰州、南通等地区保持稳定,趋势绝对值低于1 d·a^-1;9—11月降水日数与降水量均对水稻收获期有影响,10月降水量与收获期存在负相关,10、11月降水日数与收获期存在正相关。本研究的基于遥感的水稻收获期提取方法为大范围的水稻农业物候信息提取提供参考。  相似文献   

Microphysical and chemical characteristics of cloud droplet residuals and interstitial particles in continental stratocumulus clouds     

《Atmospheric Research》2008,87(3-4):225-240

During June and July 2003 the Sources and Origins of Atmospheric Cloud Droplets experiment (SOACED) was carried out on a mountain-top site in central Sweden. The main objective of the experiment was to characterise the microphysical and chemical properties of cloud droplet residuals and interstitial aerosol particles in continental clouds and to understand the processes controlling cloud properties at this location.Interstitial and residual aerosol size distributions, cloud liquid water content and species- and size-resolved aerosol mass concentrations are the main variables employed to address questions pertaining to the cloud droplet number concentration and scavenging efficiency during a stratocumulus cloud event observed on July 28, 2003. In this cloud event, about 56% of the aerosol mass was associated with organic species, whilst SO₄ accounted for 23% and NH₄ for 14%. NO₃ and Cl made up about 7% of the total mass.The partitioning of the aerosol particles between cloud droplets and interstitial air has been studied in terms of their microphysical properties. The scavenging efficiency, defined as the fraction of particles activated into cloud elements compared to the total amount of particles, was investigated as a function of size. The scavenging efficiency curves displayed different shapes during the cloud event, from an S-shaped curve, with low scavenging efficiency in the Aitken mode and larger scavenging efficiency in the accumulation mode, to more unusual shapes where Aitken-mode particles were either solely activated or activated in addition to accumulation-mode particles.This study suggests that alterations of the aerosol chemical composition occurred during the measurement period, changing the hygroscopic nature of the CCN and decreasing their activation diameter. It is also hypothesized that entrainment of drier air aloft may have introduced inhomogeneities in the supersaturation field and modified the S-shaped scavenging curves.  相似文献   

黑色地膜对马铃薯产量及土壤质量的影响     

周丽敏  张皓  李琪  韩媛  谢佳 《南京气象学院学报》2016,8(4):316-321

在半湿润的南京地区,以微型马铃薯荷兰七号为指示作物,采用平地起垄覆膜的种植方式,分别选用黑色地膜（BM）与普通白色地膜（WM）做比较,并以不覆膜的平地作为对照（CK）,分析不同处理对微型马铃薯生理指标、产量以及种植区土壤质量的影响.发现BM处理下微型马铃薯的淀粉质量分数和产量最高,较WM处理增产31.1%,较CK增产43.7%;覆膜处理显著降低了耕层土壤的速效钾质量分数,BM处理下耕层土壤的速效磷质量分数最低,但土壤铵态氮与硝态氮质量分数显著高于其他处理;覆膜处理有效提高了微型马铃薯出苗期的耕层土壤含水量,BM处理下微型马铃薯生育期内的表层土壤温度明显低于WM,且高于对照,对微型马铃薯的生长更有利.  相似文献   

作物花粉自动采集传感器的研制与定标     

邱康俊  胡汉峰  胡凝  江晓东  顾松山 《南京气象学院学报》2011,34(4):497-503

作物花粉自动采集传感器通过ARM（advanced RIS Cmachines）控制简易机械臂操作采样平台上的载玻片捕获空气中自由扩散的花粉粒子,并将载玻片置于生物显微镜下,通过CMOS（complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor）视频传感器将生物显微镜生成的光学图像转换成数字图像,经嵌入式ARM单片机计算处理并存储。利用外场实测资料和标准医用血球计数板,对仪器进行几何尺度标定及载玻片拍摄抽样定标。仪器光学放大倍数F定为328,视场真实面积S为1.516mm2,当拍摄抽样数N为50次时,花粉密度相关系数大于95%。当抽样精度一定,花粉浓度大时,可适当减少抽样数目。体积较小的水稻花粉需要拍摄抽样40次,而体积较大的玉米花粉则需要拍摄抽样80次。因系统几何失真引起的光学放大倍数F随显微视场半径变化,使得实测取样面积误差最大可达13.75%。  相似文献